
Here's Why Peregrine Falcons Are the Top Guns of the Sky
Season 6 Episode 14 | 4m 13sVideo has Audio Description, Closed Captions
Peregrine falcons catch other birds mid-flight by diving at more than 200 mph.
Peregrine falcons catch other birds mid-flight by diving at more than 200 mph. To do it, they need some high-precision gear: special eyesight, talons and aerodynamics that can't be beat.
See all videos with Audio DescriptionADProblems with Closed Captions? Closed Captioning Feedback
Problems with Closed Captions? Closed Captioning Feedback

Here's Why Peregrine Falcons Are the Top Guns of the Sky
Season 6 Episode 14 | 4m 13sVideo has Audio Description, Closed Captions
Peregrine falcons catch other birds mid-flight by diving at more than 200 mph. To do it, they need some high-precision gear: special eyesight, talons and aerodynamics that can't be beat.
See all videos with Audio DescriptionADProblems with Closed Captions? Closed Captioning Feedback
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Learn Moreabout PBS online sponsorship♪ (narrator) Nobody, and we mean nobody, flies faster than the peregrine falcon.
They've been clocked at 240 miles per hour.
I mean, they're basically feathered fighter jets.
But catching their favorite foods, like this pigeon, isn't as easy as you might think.
So a peregrine needs much more than raw speed to get a meal.
First, it scans for prey with its phenomenal vision.
It can see about twice as far as we can.
Here's why.
Both humans and peregrines have a spot at the very back of their eyes where vision is sharpest.
It's called a fovea.
But peregrine falcons have an extra one which helps with depth perception at high speed.
That helps it lock onto its prey, or, in this case, a lure the falconer is using to mimic a pigeon trying to get away.
Most birds of prey, like this red-tailed hawk, have a prominent ridge above their eyes that shades against the sun, but the peregrine's ridge is much smaller.
A bigger ridge can create drag, which could slow the bird down.
So instead, peregrines rely on dark feathers below their eyes to reduce glare, like black marks on a football player's face.
In the air, peregrines are super maneuverable thanks to the shape of their wings.
They're angled and compact, unlike the broader wings that owls use for gliding or hawks use for soaring.
A peregrine's long, stiff feathers also help slice through the air smoothly.
And, of course, there is the peregrine's signature move, the stoop.
This dive turns the bird into an aerodynamic missile aimed right at its prey.
But being fast has its downsides.
At high speed, the air pressure on its face is intense, potentially suffocating.
So peregrines have these little bones, called tubercles, inside their nostrils.
They slow down the air going into their lungs.
Jet engines have the same kind of thing.
Once a falcon zeros in on a bird, then comes the really hard part, taking it down.
It hits the bird with a huge amount of force, either knocking it to the ground or stabbing it with eight razor-sharp talons.
And if that doesn't do the job, peregrines have a special sharp notch on their beaks, known as a tomial tooth or killing tooth, to bite through the necks of their prey.
Dinner is served.
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